Tensions between Thailand and Cambodia have erupted into violent clashes along their disputed northeastern border, marking the most serious escalation in over a decade. The conflict, centered near the ancient Ta Muen Thom and Preah Vihear temple regions, has already resulted in multiple deaths, mass evacuations, and growing international concern.
The crisis began following a landmine explosion that injured five Thai soldiers, prompting Thailand to shut its border and withdraw its ambassador from Cambodia. The following day, Thai air forces launched airstrikes using F-16 fighter jets, targeting Cambodian military installations. In retaliation, Cambodia fired BM-21 rockets and artillery shells into Thai territory, with some striking civilian areas including a hospital.
Thai officials report at least 15 fatalities, mainly civilians, while Cambodia has confirmed one civilian death. Over 130,000 people in Thailand have fled the border provinces of Surin, Sisaket, Buriram, and Ubon Ratchathani. Cambodia, in turn, has evacuated thousands from its side of the border.
Cambodian authorities have accused Thailand of using cluster munitions, a claim that, if proven, could signal a violation of international humanitarian law. Thailand maintains that its response has been defensive and measured, aimed at neutralizing Cambodian threats to Thai citizens and infrastructure.
This conflict revives historical tensions that date back to colonial-era boundary disputes. Although the International Court of Justice ruled in Cambodia’s favor in 1962 and reaffirmed its position in 2013, Thailand has remained reluctant to accept full sovereignty claims over certain temple territories.
The United Nations, ASEAN, and global powers including the United States and China have called for immediate de escalation and diplomatic resolution. Cambodia is pushing for an urgent UN Security Council meeting, while Thailand insists on resolving the matter bilaterally without external intervention.
As artillery fire continues to echo across the border and fears of a full scale war mount, the world watches anxiously, hoping both nations will pull back from the brink and prioritize peace over pride.