Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has publicly acknowledged an official complaint accusing her and certain members of her government of complicity in genocide in Gaza. The complaint, filed at the International Criminal Court, claims Italy has contributed to alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity by supplying lethal weapons to Israel.
The filing, dated October 1, was signed by roughly 50 public figures including academics, lawyers, and rights activists. It names Meloni, Italy’s Defence Minister and Foreign Minister, and potentially the head of the Leonardo company—an arms and aerospace firm—as individuals implicated in the complaint. The authors argue that through arms exports Italy has become complicit by enabling violence in Gaza.
Meloni responded to the allegations in an interview saying she was accused of “complicity in genocide” but has maintained Italy has only delivered weapons under contracts existing before October 7, 2023. Her government claims it is adhering to all legal obligations, including seeking assurances that military exports are not used against civilians.
Data from international monitoring indicate that from 2020 to 2024 Italy was one of the few countries exporting “major conventional arms” to Israel. These exports have included equipment like light helicopters and naval guns, as well as components used in the F-35 fighter jet program. The complaint also raises concern over the possible involvement of Italy in supply chains used to assemble aircraft or weapon systems potentially implicated in civilian harm.
The case adds to growing legal and moral pressure on states alleged to have roles in international conflicts. Massive protests in Italy have intensified over weeks, with many calling for a change in foreign policy and greater accountability. Legal experts warn that if the ICC pursues a formal investigation the implications could be significant for Italy’s government and international position.